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Partager le résultat de cette rechercheAgricultural sustainability in Albania. A production function approach / P. Pazienza in New Medit, vol. 2, n. 3 (2003/09)
Titre : Agricultural sustainability in Albania. A production function approach Type de document : objet à 3 dimensions, artefacts, ... Auteurs : P. Pazienza Année de publication : 2003/09 Article en page(s) : p. 28-36 Présentation : 29 réf., 10 tabl. Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Anglais (eng) Français (fre) Catégories : A HISTOIRE - Pays et ensemble de pays:Ensembles géographiques:Pays méditerranéen:Albanie ; C ECONOMIE - ECONOMIE SOCIALE ET SOLIDAIRE:Economie:Conditions économiques:Comportement économique:Production:Productivité ; C ECONOMIE - ECONOMIE SOCIALE ET SOLIDAIRE:Génie civil, militaire et minier:Technologie hydraulique:Irrigation Mots-clés : ALBANIA FARM STRUCTURE STRUCTURE D'EXPLOITATION AGRICOLE PRODUCTIVITY CROP YIELD RENDEMENT DES CULTURES FIELD SIZE TAILLE DES PARCELLES LAND CONSOLIDATION REMEMBREMENT PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS FONCTION DE PRODUCTION ECONOMETRIC MODELS MODELE ECONOMETRIQUE SUSTAINABILITY DURABILITE Résumé : Parmi les divers aspects relatifs au concept d'agriculture durable, il y a la notion de sécurité alimentaire, qui exige le maintien d'un niveau constant ou bien l'augmentation de la productivité agricole dans le temps. Nous estimons qu'en Albanie, la structure de l'exploitation agricole devrait être réorganisée pour que les exploitants puissent se trouver dans des conditions plus productives, assurant ainsi un niveau certain de sécurité alimentaire. C'est la raison pour laquelle dans ce travail, nous analysons la relation qui existe entre le rendement des terres (notamment, des cultures de céréales et de végétaux) et la disponibilité d'intrants pendant la période 1970-1997. De ces intrants, nous prenons en compte, en particulier, la taille des parcelles et la capacité d'irrigation. Nous en concluons en soulignant qu'une éventuelle politique de remembrement parcellaire pourrait soutenir un système agricole plus productif en Albanie Permalink : https://cs.iut.univ-tours.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=137369
in New Medit > vol. 2, n. 3 (2003/09) . - p. 28-36[article] Agricultural sustainability in Albania. A production function approach [objet à 3 dimensions, artefacts, ...] / P. Pazienza . - 2003/09 . - p. 28-36 : 29 réf., 10 tabl.
Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Anglais (eng) Français (fre)
in New Medit > vol. 2, n. 3 (2003/09) . - p. 28-36
Catégories : A HISTOIRE - Pays et ensemble de pays:Ensembles géographiques:Pays méditerranéen:Albanie ; C ECONOMIE - ECONOMIE SOCIALE ET SOLIDAIRE:Economie:Conditions économiques:Comportement économique:Production:Productivité ; C ECONOMIE - ECONOMIE SOCIALE ET SOLIDAIRE:Génie civil, militaire et minier:Technologie hydraulique:Irrigation Mots-clés : ALBANIA FARM STRUCTURE STRUCTURE D'EXPLOITATION AGRICOLE PRODUCTIVITY CROP YIELD RENDEMENT DES CULTURES FIELD SIZE TAILLE DES PARCELLES LAND CONSOLIDATION REMEMBREMENT PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS FONCTION DE PRODUCTION ECONOMETRIC MODELS MODELE ECONOMETRIQUE SUSTAINABILITY DURABILITE Résumé : Parmi les divers aspects relatifs au concept d'agriculture durable, il y a la notion de sécurité alimentaire, qui exige le maintien d'un niveau constant ou bien l'augmentation de la productivité agricole dans le temps. Nous estimons qu'en Albanie, la structure de l'exploitation agricole devrait être réorganisée pour que les exploitants puissent se trouver dans des conditions plus productives, assurant ainsi un niveau certain de sécurité alimentaire. C'est la raison pour laquelle dans ce travail, nous analysons la relation qui existe entre le rendement des terres (notamment, des cultures de céréales et de végétaux) et la disponibilité d'intrants pendant la période 1970-1997. De ces intrants, nous prenons en compte, en particulier, la taille des parcelles et la capacité d'irrigation. Nous en concluons en soulignant qu'une éventuelle politique de remembrement parcellaire pourrait soutenir un système agricole plus productif en Albanie Permalink : https://cs.iut.univ-tours.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=137369
Titre : Decadal analysis of impact of future climate on wheat production in dry Mediterranean environment: a case of Jordan Type de document : objet à 3 dimensions, artefacts, ... Auteurs : P.N. Dixit ; R. Telleria ; A.N. Al Khatib ; S.F. Allouzi Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : p. 219-233 Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Anglais (eng) Catégories : A HISTOIRE - Pays et ensemble de pays:Asie et Pacifique:Moyen-Orient:Jordanie ; S SCIENCES ET TECHNIQUES:Météorologie:Zone climatique:Zone aride ; S SCIENCES ET TECHNIQUES:Pollution, catastrophes et sécurité:Dégradation de l'environnement:Changement climatique ; S SCIENCES ET TECHNIQUES:Sciences de la chimie:Gaz:Dioxyde de carbone Mots-clés : CLIMATIC CHANGE CARBON DIOXIDE IMPACT ASSESSMENT EVALUATION DE L'IMPACT CROP YIELD RENDEMENT DES CULTURES TRITICUM TRITICUM WHEATS BLE ARID ZONES MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE CLIMAT MEDITERRANEEN JORDAN 07 - ENVIRONNEMENT 7.6 - Changement Climatique Résumé : Different aspects of climate change, such as increased temperature, changed rainfall and higher atmospheric CO2 concentration, all have different effects on crop yields. Process-based crop models are the most widely used tools for estimating future crop yield responses to climate change. We applied APSIM crop simulation model in a dry Mediterranean climate with Jordan as sentinel site to assess impact of climate change on wheat production at decadal level considering two climate change scenarios of representative concentration pathways (RCP) viz., RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. Impact of climatic variables alone was negative on grain yield but this adverse effect was negated when elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations were also considered in the simulations. Crop cycle of wheat was reduced by a fortnight for RCP4.5 scenario and by a month for RCP8.5 scenario at the approach of end of the century. On an average, a grain yield increase of 5 to 11% in near future i.e., 2010s–2030s decades, 12 to 16% in mid future i.e., 2040s–2060s decades and 9 to 16% in end of century period can be expected for moderate climate change scenario (RCP4.5) and 6 to 15% in near future, 13 to 19% in mid future and 7 to 20% increase in end of century period for a drastic climate change scenario (RCP8.5) based on different soils. Positive impact of elevated CO2 is more pronounced in soils with lower water holding capacity with moderate increase in temperatures. Elevated CO2 had greater positive effect on transpiration use efficiency (TUE) than negative effect of elevated mean temperatures. The change in TUE was in near perfect direct relationship with elevated CO2 levels (R2 > 0.99) and every 100-ppm atmospheric CO2 increase resulted in TUE increase by 2 kg ha− 1 mm− 1. Thereby, in this environment yield gains are expected in future and farmers can benefit from growing wheat. Transpiration use efficiency (kg ha− 1 mm− 1) of wheat yield production for baseline and decadal future climate based on RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climate change scenarios, with and without considering CO2 response, at Maru and Mushaqar, Jordan. Year 2015 represents 2010–2020 decade, year 2025 represents 2020–2030 decade and so on. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.270 Permalink : https://cs.iut.univ-tours.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=240294
in Science of the Total Environment > vol. 610-611 (01/01/2018) . - p. 219-233[article] Decadal analysis of impact of future climate on wheat production in dry Mediterranean environment: a case of Jordan [objet à 3 dimensions, artefacts, ...] / P.N. Dixit ; R. Telleria ; A.N. Al Khatib ; S.F. Allouzi . - 2018 . - p. 219-233.
Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Anglais (eng)
in Science of the Total Environment > vol. 610-611 (01/01/2018) . - p. 219-233
Catégories : A HISTOIRE - Pays et ensemble de pays:Asie et Pacifique:Moyen-Orient:Jordanie ; S SCIENCES ET TECHNIQUES:Météorologie:Zone climatique:Zone aride ; S SCIENCES ET TECHNIQUES:Pollution, catastrophes et sécurité:Dégradation de l'environnement:Changement climatique ; S SCIENCES ET TECHNIQUES:Sciences de la chimie:Gaz:Dioxyde de carbone Mots-clés : CLIMATIC CHANGE CARBON DIOXIDE IMPACT ASSESSMENT EVALUATION DE L'IMPACT CROP YIELD RENDEMENT DES CULTURES TRITICUM TRITICUM WHEATS BLE ARID ZONES MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE CLIMAT MEDITERRANEEN JORDAN 07 - ENVIRONNEMENT 7.6 - Changement Climatique Résumé : Different aspects of climate change, such as increased temperature, changed rainfall and higher atmospheric CO2 concentration, all have different effects on crop yields. Process-based crop models are the most widely used tools for estimating future crop yield responses to climate change. We applied APSIM crop simulation model in a dry Mediterranean climate with Jordan as sentinel site to assess impact of climate change on wheat production at decadal level considering two climate change scenarios of representative concentration pathways (RCP) viz., RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. Impact of climatic variables alone was negative on grain yield but this adverse effect was negated when elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations were also considered in the simulations. Crop cycle of wheat was reduced by a fortnight for RCP4.5 scenario and by a month for RCP8.5 scenario at the approach of end of the century. On an average, a grain yield increase of 5 to 11% in near future i.e., 2010s–2030s decades, 12 to 16% in mid future i.e., 2040s–2060s decades and 9 to 16% in end of century period can be expected for moderate climate change scenario (RCP4.5) and 6 to 15% in near future, 13 to 19% in mid future and 7 to 20% increase in end of century period for a drastic climate change scenario (RCP8.5) based on different soils. Positive impact of elevated CO2 is more pronounced in soils with lower water holding capacity with moderate increase in temperatures. Elevated CO2 had greater positive effect on transpiration use efficiency (TUE) than negative effect of elevated mean temperatures. The change in TUE was in near perfect direct relationship with elevated CO2 levels (R2 > 0.99) and every 100-ppm atmospheric CO2 increase resulted in TUE increase by 2 kg ha− 1 mm− 1. Thereby, in this environment yield gains are expected in future and farmers can benefit from growing wheat. Transpiration use efficiency (kg ha− 1 mm− 1) of wheat yield production for baseline and decadal future climate based on RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climate change scenarios, with and without considering CO2 response, at Maru and Mushaqar, Jordan. Year 2015 represents 2010–2020 decade, year 2025 represents 2020–2030 decade and so on. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.270 Permalink : https://cs.iut.univ-tours.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=240294
Titre : Do soil conservation practices exceed their relevance as a countermeasure to greenhouse gases emissions and increase crop productivity in agriculture? Type de document : objet à 3 dimensions, artefacts, ... Auteurs : A. Shakoor ; T. Yasmeen ; T.H. Farooq ; M.S. Arif ; A.A. Dar ; M. Ashraf ; G. Albasher ; W. Ahmed ; M.A. Tufail ; S.M. Shahzad Année de publication : 2022 Article en page(s) : p. 1-12 Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Anglais (eng) Catégories : S SCIENCES ET TECHNIQUES:Pollution, catastrophes et sécurité:Dégradation de l'environnement:Changement climatique Mots-clés : 07 - ENVIRONNEMENT 7.5 - Dégradation : Impact, Désertification AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES PRATIQUE AGRICOLE SOIL CONSERVATION CONSERVATION DES SOLS CROP YIELD RENDEMENT DES CULTURES GREENHOUSE GAZES GAZ A EFFET DE SERRE CLIMATIC CHANGE Résumé : Globally, agriculture sector is the significant source of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions into the atmosphere. To achieve the goal of limiting or mitigating these emissions, a rigorous abatement strategy with an additional focus on improving crop productivity is now imperative. Replacing traditional agriculture with soil conservation-based farming can have numerous ecological benefits. However, most assessments only consider improvements in soil properties and crop productivity, and often preclude the quantitative impact analysis on GHGs emissions. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate crop productivity (i.e., biomass, grain, total yield) and GHGs emissions (i.e., CO2, N2O, CH4) for three major soil conservation practices i.e., no-tillage, manures, and biochar. We also examined the yield potential of three major cereal crops (i.e., wheat, rice, maize) and their significance in mitigating GHGs emissions. None of the manures were able to reduce GHGs emissions, with poultry manure being the largest contributor to all GHGs emissions. However, pig-manure had the greatest impact on crop yield while emitting the least CO2 emissions. Use of biochar showed a strong coupling effect between reduction of GHGs (i.e., CH4 by -37%; N2O by -25%; CO2 by -5%) and the increase in crop productivity. In contrast, no-tillage resulted in higher GHGs emissions with only a marginal increase in grain yield. Depending on crop type, all cereal crops showed varied degrees of GHGs mitigation under biochar application, with wheat responding most strongly due to the additional yield increment. The addition of biochar significantly reduced CO2 and N2O emissions under both rainfed and irrigated conditions, although CH4 reductions were identical in both agroecosystems. Interestingly, the use of biochar resulted in a greater yield benefit in rainfed than in irrigated agriculture. Despite significant GHGs emissions, manure application contributed to higher crop yields, regardless of soil type or agroecosystem. Moreover, no-tillage showed a significant reduction in CH4 and N2O emissions under rainfed and irrigated conditions. Notably , biochar application in coarse while no-till in fine textured soils contributed to N2O mitigation. Most importantly, effectiveness of no-tillage as a countermeasure to GHGs emissions while providing yield benefits is inconsistent. Overall, the decision to use farm manures should be reconsidered due to higher GHGs emissions. We conclude that the use of biochar could be an ideal way to reduce GHGs emissions. However, further understanding of the underlying mechanisms and processes affecting GHGs emissions is needed to better understand the feedback effects in conservation agriculture. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150337 Permalink : https://cs.iut.univ-tours.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=277186
in Science of the Total Environment > vol. 805 (20 January 2022) . - p. 1-12[article] Do soil conservation practices exceed their relevance as a countermeasure to greenhouse gases emissions and increase crop productivity in agriculture? [objet à 3 dimensions, artefacts, ...] / A. Shakoor ; T. Yasmeen ; T.H. Farooq ; M.S. Arif ; A.A. Dar ; M. Ashraf ; G. Albasher ; W. Ahmed ; M.A. Tufail ; S.M. Shahzad . - 2022 . - p. 1-12.
Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Anglais (eng)
in Science of the Total Environment > vol. 805 (20 January 2022) . - p. 1-12
Catégories : S SCIENCES ET TECHNIQUES:Pollution, catastrophes et sécurité:Dégradation de l'environnement:Changement climatique Mots-clés : 07 - ENVIRONNEMENT 7.5 - Dégradation : Impact, Désertification AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES PRATIQUE AGRICOLE SOIL CONSERVATION CONSERVATION DES SOLS CROP YIELD RENDEMENT DES CULTURES GREENHOUSE GAZES GAZ A EFFET DE SERRE CLIMATIC CHANGE Résumé : Globally, agriculture sector is the significant source of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions into the atmosphere. To achieve the goal of limiting or mitigating these emissions, a rigorous abatement strategy with an additional focus on improving crop productivity is now imperative. Replacing traditional agriculture with soil conservation-based farming can have numerous ecological benefits. However, most assessments only consider improvements in soil properties and crop productivity, and often preclude the quantitative impact analysis on GHGs emissions. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate crop productivity (i.e., biomass, grain, total yield) and GHGs emissions (i.e., CO2, N2O, CH4) for three major soil conservation practices i.e., no-tillage, manures, and biochar. We also examined the yield potential of three major cereal crops (i.e., wheat, rice, maize) and their significance in mitigating GHGs emissions. None of the manures were able to reduce GHGs emissions, with poultry manure being the largest contributor to all GHGs emissions. However, pig-manure had the greatest impact on crop yield while emitting the least CO2 emissions. Use of biochar showed a strong coupling effect between reduction of GHGs (i.e., CH4 by -37%; N2O by -25%; CO2 by -5%) and the increase in crop productivity. In contrast, no-tillage resulted in higher GHGs emissions with only a marginal increase in grain yield. Depending on crop type, all cereal crops showed varied degrees of GHGs mitigation under biochar application, with wheat responding most strongly due to the additional yield increment. The addition of biochar significantly reduced CO2 and N2O emissions under both rainfed and irrigated conditions, although CH4 reductions were identical in both agroecosystems. Interestingly, the use of biochar resulted in a greater yield benefit in rainfed than in irrigated agriculture. Despite significant GHGs emissions, manure application contributed to higher crop yields, regardless of soil type or agroecosystem. Moreover, no-tillage showed a significant reduction in CH4 and N2O emissions under rainfed and irrigated conditions. Notably , biochar application in coarse while no-till in fine textured soils contributed to N2O mitigation. Most importantly, effectiveness of no-tillage as a countermeasure to GHGs emissions while providing yield benefits is inconsistent. Overall, the decision to use farm manures should be reconsidered due to higher GHGs emissions. We conclude that the use of biochar could be an ideal way to reduce GHGs emissions. However, further understanding of the underlying mechanisms and processes affecting GHGs emissions is needed to better understand the feedback effects in conservation agriculture. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150337 Permalink : https://cs.iut.univ-tours.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=277186
Titre : Estimating resilience of crop production systems: from theory to practice Type de document : objet à 3 dimensions, artefacts, ... Auteurs : M. Zampieri, Auteur ; M. van den Berg ; A. Toreti ; B. Grizzetti ; F. Dentener ; C.J. Weissteiner, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : p. 1-10 Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Anglais (eng) Catégories : C ECONOMIE - ECONOMIE SOCIALE ET SOLIDAIRE:Biodiversity ; F POPULATIONS - ETUDES DE CAS:Cropping systems ; S SCIENCES ET TECHNIQUES:Approche scientifique:Méthode scientifique:Évaluation Appraising or judging persons, organizations or things in relation to stated objectives, standards or criteria. Use more specific descriptor where appropriate.; S SCIENCES ET TECHNIQUES:Pollution, catastrophes et sécurité:Dégradation de l'environnement:Changement climatiqueMots-clés : 06 - AGRICULTURE. FORÊTS. PÊCHES 6.4 - Production Agricole. Système de Production RESILIENCE RESILIENCE BIODIVERSITE CLIMATIC CHANGE CROP YIELD RENDEMENT DES CULTURES FARMING SYSTEM SYSTEME DE PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL SECTOR SECTEUR AGRICOLE WEATHER HAZARDS ACCIDENT CLIMATIQUE GLOBAL WARMING RECHAUFFEMENT GLOBAL SYSTEME DE CULTURE INDICATORS INDICATEUR PLANT PRODUCTION PRODUCTION VEGETALE DIVERSIFICATION DIVERSIFICATION Résumé : Agricultural production systems are sensitive to weather and climate anomalies and extremes as well as to other environmental and socio-economic adverse events. An adequate evaluation of the resilience of such systems helps to assess food security and the capacity of society to cope with the effects of global warming and the associated increase of climate extremes. Here, we propose and apply a simple indicator of resilience of annual crop production that can be estimated from crop production time series. First, we address the problem of quantifying resilience in a simplified theoretical framework, focusing on annual crops. This results in the proposal of an indicator, measured by the reciprocal of the squared coefficient of variance, which is proportional to the return period of the largest shocks that the crop production system can absorb, and which is consistent with the original ecological definition of resilience. Subsequently, we show the sensitivity of the crop resilience indicator to the level of management of the crop production system, to the frequency of extreme events as well as to simplified socio-economic impacts of the production losses. Finally, we demonstrate the practical applicability of the indicator using historical production data at national and sub-national levels for France. The results show that the value of the resilience indicator steeply increases with crop diversity until six crops are considered, and then levels off. The effect of diversity on production resilience is highest when crops are more diverse (i.e. as reflected in less well correlated production time series). In the case of France, the indicator reaches about 60% of the value that would be expected if all crop production time-series were uncorrelated. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139378 Permalink : https://cs.iut.univ-tours.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=248136
in Science of the Total Environment > vol. 735 (15 September 2020) . - p. 1-10[article] Estimating resilience of crop production systems: from theory to practice [objet à 3 dimensions, artefacts, ...] / M. Zampieri, Auteur ; M. van den Berg ; A. Toreti ; B. Grizzetti ; F. Dentener ; C.J. Weissteiner, Auteur . - 2020 . - p. 1-10.
Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Anglais (eng)
in Science of the Total Environment > vol. 735 (15 September 2020) . - p. 1-10
Catégories : C ECONOMIE - ECONOMIE SOCIALE ET SOLIDAIRE:Biodiversity ; F POPULATIONS - ETUDES DE CAS:Cropping systems ; S SCIENCES ET TECHNIQUES:Approche scientifique:Méthode scientifique:Évaluation Appraising or judging persons, organizations or things in relation to stated objectives, standards or criteria. Use more specific descriptor where appropriate.; S SCIENCES ET TECHNIQUES:Pollution, catastrophes et sécurité:Dégradation de l'environnement:Changement climatiqueMots-clés : 06 - AGRICULTURE. FORÊTS. PÊCHES 6.4 - Production Agricole. Système de Production RESILIENCE RESILIENCE BIODIVERSITE CLIMATIC CHANGE CROP YIELD RENDEMENT DES CULTURES FARMING SYSTEM SYSTEME DE PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL SECTOR SECTEUR AGRICOLE WEATHER HAZARDS ACCIDENT CLIMATIQUE GLOBAL WARMING RECHAUFFEMENT GLOBAL SYSTEME DE CULTURE INDICATORS INDICATEUR PLANT PRODUCTION PRODUCTION VEGETALE DIVERSIFICATION DIVERSIFICATION Résumé : Agricultural production systems are sensitive to weather and climate anomalies and extremes as well as to other environmental and socio-economic adverse events. An adequate evaluation of the resilience of such systems helps to assess food security and the capacity of society to cope with the effects of global warming and the associated increase of climate extremes. Here, we propose and apply a simple indicator of resilience of annual crop production that can be estimated from crop production time series. First, we address the problem of quantifying resilience in a simplified theoretical framework, focusing on annual crops. This results in the proposal of an indicator, measured by the reciprocal of the squared coefficient of variance, which is proportional to the return period of the largest shocks that the crop production system can absorb, and which is consistent with the original ecological definition of resilience. Subsequently, we show the sensitivity of the crop resilience indicator to the level of management of the crop production system, to the frequency of extreme events as well as to simplified socio-economic impacts of the production losses. Finally, we demonstrate the practical applicability of the indicator using historical production data at national and sub-national levels for France. The results show that the value of the resilience indicator steeply increases with crop diversity until six crops are considered, and then levels off. The effect of diversity on production resilience is highest when crops are more diverse (i.e. as reflected in less well correlated production time series). In the case of France, the indicator reaches about 60% of the value that would be expected if all crop production time-series were uncorrelated. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139378 Permalink : https://cs.iut.univ-tours.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=248136
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