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Partager le résultat de cette rechercheThe rural exodus of young people from empty Spain. Socio-educational aspects / V. Llorent-Bedmar in Journal of rural studies, vol. 82 (February 2021)
Titre : The rural exodus of young people from empty Spain. Socio-educational aspects Type de document : objet à 3 dimensions, artefacts, ... Auteurs : V. Llorent-Bedmar, Auteur ; M. Navarro-Granados ; V.C. Cobano-Delgado Palma, Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : p. 303-314 Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Anglais (eng) Catégories : A HISTOIRE - Pays et ensemble de pays:Histoire de l'Europe:Europe occidentale:Espagne ; F POPULATIONS - ETUDES DE CAS:D SOCIOLOGIE - ETHNOLOGIE - ANTHROPOLOGIE :4.35 Population:Migration ; F POPULATIONS - ETUDES DE CAS:D SOCIOLOGIE - ETHNOLOGIE - ANTHROPOLOGIE :4.35 Population:Migration:Émigration ; F POPULATIONS - ETUDES DE CAS:D SOCIOLOGIE - ETHNOLOGIE - ANTHROPOLOGIE :4.45 Etablissements humains et utilisation des terres:Développement rural ; F POPULATIONS - ETUDES DE CAS:D SOCIOLOGIE - ETHNOLOGIE - ANTHROPOLOGIE :4.45 Etablissements humains et utilisation des terres:Zone rurale Mots-clés : 05 - DEVELOPPEMENT RURAL 5.1 - Développement RURAL URBAN MIGRATION EXODE RURAL YOUTH JEUNESSE RURAL AREAS SOCIAL ASPECT ASPECT SOCIAL RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL URBAN RELATIONS RELATION VILLE CAMPAGNE SPAIN Résumé : The depopulation of rural areas in Spain, a phenomenon that has given rise to what is currently known as ‘empty Spain’, has become a serious social problem. The mass exodus of the young to the country's cities poses the main threat to rural sustainability. In this paper, at attempt is made to determine the factors that prompt the young to leave the Celtiberian Highlands, one of the most sparsely populated areas in Southern Europe, and the socio-educational measures that could be taken to avoid this exodus. To this end, a mixed-method approach with a sequential design was employed, in which members of the region's Rural Development Groups were administered a questionnaire and interviewed, whose findings were supplemented by in-situ observations. The young people living in the Celtiberian Highlands are currently facing a series of professional, social and personal challenges that encourage them to emigrate. A worrying feeling of rootlessness and inferiority with respect to urbanites was detected among them. In light of this, it is essential to adopt socio-educational measures that contribute to strengthen their ties to the rural community and to raise their awareness about the serious problems to which depopulation gives rise and the role that they could play to prevent it. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2021.01.014 Permalink : https://cs.iut.univ-tours.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=261053
in Journal of rural studies > vol. 82 (February 2021) . - p. 303-314[article] The rural exodus of young people from empty Spain. Socio-educational aspects [objet à 3 dimensions, artefacts, ...] / V. Llorent-Bedmar, Auteur ; M. Navarro-Granados ; V.C. Cobano-Delgado Palma, Auteur . - 2021 . - p. 303-314.
Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of rural studies > vol. 82 (February 2021) . - p. 303-314
Catégories : A HISTOIRE - Pays et ensemble de pays:Histoire de l'Europe:Europe occidentale:Espagne ; F POPULATIONS - ETUDES DE CAS:D SOCIOLOGIE - ETHNOLOGIE - ANTHROPOLOGIE :4.35 Population:Migration ; F POPULATIONS - ETUDES DE CAS:D SOCIOLOGIE - ETHNOLOGIE - ANTHROPOLOGIE :4.35 Population:Migration:Émigration ; F POPULATIONS - ETUDES DE CAS:D SOCIOLOGIE - ETHNOLOGIE - ANTHROPOLOGIE :4.45 Etablissements humains et utilisation des terres:Développement rural ; F POPULATIONS - ETUDES DE CAS:D SOCIOLOGIE - ETHNOLOGIE - ANTHROPOLOGIE :4.45 Etablissements humains et utilisation des terres:Zone rurale Mots-clés : 05 - DEVELOPPEMENT RURAL 5.1 - Développement RURAL URBAN MIGRATION EXODE RURAL YOUTH JEUNESSE RURAL AREAS SOCIAL ASPECT ASPECT SOCIAL RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL URBAN RELATIONS RELATION VILLE CAMPAGNE SPAIN Résumé : The depopulation of rural areas in Spain, a phenomenon that has given rise to what is currently known as ‘empty Spain’, has become a serious social problem. The mass exodus of the young to the country's cities poses the main threat to rural sustainability. In this paper, at attempt is made to determine the factors that prompt the young to leave the Celtiberian Highlands, one of the most sparsely populated areas in Southern Europe, and the socio-educational measures that could be taken to avoid this exodus. To this end, a mixed-method approach with a sequential design was employed, in which members of the region's Rural Development Groups were administered a questionnaire and interviewed, whose findings were supplemented by in-situ observations. The young people living in the Celtiberian Highlands are currently facing a series of professional, social and personal challenges that encourage them to emigrate. A worrying feeling of rootlessness and inferiority with respect to urbanites was detected among them. In light of this, it is essential to adopt socio-educational measures that contribute to strengthen their ties to the rural community and to raise their awareness about the serious problems to which depopulation gives rise and the role that they could play to prevent it. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2021.01.014 Permalink : https://cs.iut.univ-tours.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=261053
Titre : L’impact de l’exode rural sur les stratégies d’utilisation du foncier agricole dans le Nord-est albanais Type de document : objet à 3 dimensions, artefacts, ... Auteurs : F. Guri ; E. Dashi ; Anne-Marie Jouve Année de publication : 01/03/2014 Article en page(s) : p. 22-30 Langues : Français (fre) Langues originales : Anglais (eng) Français (fre) Catégories : A HISTOIRE - Pays et ensemble de pays:Agrarian reform ; A HISTOIRE - Pays et ensemble de pays:Ensembles géographiques:Pays méditerranéen:Albanie ; A HISTOIRE - Pays et ensemble de pays:Histoire du Monde Rural:Terre agricole ; F POPULATIONS - ETUDES DE CAS:D SOCIOLOGIE - ETHNOLOGIE - ANTHROPOLOGIE :4.45 Etablissements humains et utilisation des terres:Utilisation des terres Mots-clés : 06 - AGRICULTURE. FORÊTS. PÊCHES 6.5 - Gestion des Exploitations ALBANIA LAND USE FARMLAND LAND MANAGEMENT GESTION FONCIERE RURAL URBAN MIGRATION EXODE RURAL REFORME AGRAIRE Résumé : La chute du gouvernement communiste en 1991 en Albanie a entraîné un exode rural massif vers les grandes villes du littoral. L’objectif principal de la recherche est d’étudier l’impact de ce phénomène sur l’utilisation des terres agricoles dans la région du Nord-est qui a été particulièrement touchée. L’analyse est menée avec une approche compréhensive à partir d’une enquête effectuée auprès de 594 familles issues de l’exode rural et s’étant installées autour de Tirana. Les résultats sont présentés en trois points : (1) la dynamique d’installation des familles autour de Tirana entre 1990 et 2000, (2) les spécificités de la réforme agraire de 1991 (loi 7501) dans le Nord-est albanais et (3) la faible utilisation des terres agricoles dans les zones d’origine de l’exode (43% non cultivés dans le Nord-est). Les terres ne sont généralement ni vendues ni louées : elles restent en attente, confiées à des membres de la famille n’ayant pas migré.
The fall of the Communist regime in Albania in 1991 caused a massive rural urban migration along the coast. The main objective of this paper was to investigate the impact of this phenomenon on agricultural land use in the northeastern region of the country, most affected by migration. A comprehensive approach was adopted based on a survey of 594 families that had migrated into the area around Tirana. The results were analysed focussing on three main issues: 1) the dynamics of families’ settlement in the area around Tirana in the period 1990-2000, 2) the main features of the 1991 agrarian reform (law 7501) applied in the northeastern region, and 3) the limited use of the agricultural land in the migrants’ area of origin (43% of uncultivated land in the Northeast). The agricultural land is not generally sold nor rented: it is temporarily assigned to the family members who have not migrated.En ligne : http://www.iamb.it/share/img_new_medit_articoli/968_22guri.pdf Permalink : https://cs.iut.univ-tours.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=137575
in New Medit > vol. 13, n. 1 (01/03/2014) . - p. 22-30[article] L’impact de l’exode rural sur les stratégies d’utilisation du foncier agricole dans le Nord-est albanais [objet à 3 dimensions, artefacts, ...] / F. Guri ; E. Dashi ; Anne-Marie Jouve . - 01/03/2014 . - p. 22-30.
Langues : Français (fre) Langues originales : Anglais (eng) Français (fre)
in New Medit > vol. 13, n. 1 (01/03/2014) . - p. 22-30
Catégories : A HISTOIRE - Pays et ensemble de pays:Agrarian reform ; A HISTOIRE - Pays et ensemble de pays:Ensembles géographiques:Pays méditerranéen:Albanie ; A HISTOIRE - Pays et ensemble de pays:Histoire du Monde Rural:Terre agricole ; F POPULATIONS - ETUDES DE CAS:D SOCIOLOGIE - ETHNOLOGIE - ANTHROPOLOGIE :4.45 Etablissements humains et utilisation des terres:Utilisation des terres Mots-clés : 06 - AGRICULTURE. FORÊTS. PÊCHES 6.5 - Gestion des Exploitations ALBANIA LAND USE FARMLAND LAND MANAGEMENT GESTION FONCIERE RURAL URBAN MIGRATION EXODE RURAL REFORME AGRAIRE Résumé : La chute du gouvernement communiste en 1991 en Albanie a entraîné un exode rural massif vers les grandes villes du littoral. L’objectif principal de la recherche est d’étudier l’impact de ce phénomène sur l’utilisation des terres agricoles dans la région du Nord-est qui a été particulièrement touchée. L’analyse est menée avec une approche compréhensive à partir d’une enquête effectuée auprès de 594 familles issues de l’exode rural et s’étant installées autour de Tirana. Les résultats sont présentés en trois points : (1) la dynamique d’installation des familles autour de Tirana entre 1990 et 2000, (2) les spécificités de la réforme agraire de 1991 (loi 7501) dans le Nord-est albanais et (3) la faible utilisation des terres agricoles dans les zones d’origine de l’exode (43% non cultivés dans le Nord-est). Les terres ne sont généralement ni vendues ni louées : elles restent en attente, confiées à des membres de la famille n’ayant pas migré.
The fall of the Communist regime in Albania in 1991 caused a massive rural urban migration along the coast. The main objective of this paper was to investigate the impact of this phenomenon on agricultural land use in the northeastern region of the country, most affected by migration. A comprehensive approach was adopted based on a survey of 594 families that had migrated into the area around Tirana. The results were analysed focussing on three main issues: 1) the dynamics of families’ settlement in the area around Tirana in the period 1990-2000, 2) the main features of the 1991 agrarian reform (law 7501) applied in the northeastern region, and 3) the limited use of the agricultural land in the migrants’ area of origin (43% of uncultivated land in the Northeast). The agricultural land is not generally sold nor rented: it is temporarily assigned to the family members who have not migrated.En ligne : http://www.iamb.it/share/img_new_medit_articoli/968_22guri.pdf Permalink : https://cs.iut.univ-tours.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=137575
Titre : The (re)production of the new peasantry in Turkey Type de document : objet à 3 dimensions, artefacts, ... Auteurs : M. Öztürk ; J. Jongerden ; A. Hilton Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : p. 244-254 Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Anglais (eng) Catégories : A HISTOIRE - Pays et ensemble de pays:Ensembles économiques:Pays de l'OCDE:Turquie ; C ECONOMIE - ECONOMIE SOCIALE ET SOLIDAIRE:Finances et commerce:Finances:Financement Mots-clés : PEASANTRY PAYSANNERIE FAMILY FARMS EXPLOITATION AGRICOLE FAMILIALE RURAL URBAN MIGRATION EXODE RURAL ADAPTATION TO CHANGE ADAPTATION AU CHANGEMENT FINANCING RURAL URBAN RELATIONS RELATION VILLE CAMPAGNE TURKEY 06 - AGRICULTURE. FORÊTS. PÊCHES 6.1 - Généralités. Situation Agricole Résumé : The recent, neoliberal period has seen a deepening penetration of capital into agriculture in Turkey alongside mass urban migration. This would seem to imply the realisation of classical political economic theory, which argues for the demise of the peasantry. Yet, while the number of people living in villages in Turkey has declined quite dramatically in recent years, the number of smallholdings has not. We address this apparent anomaly in terms of strategies of resistance, emphasising the adaptive and creative agency of the peasantry. For this, we employ a combination of (mostly) state-produced statistics with our own quantitative and qualitative research in villages across Turkey as well as with urban migrants. We observe the development of a dual-circuit articulation that combines the farm and family as systems of commoning together with capital engagement, which means financial inputs, particularly through engagement with the market and labour relations, and which is ultimately enabled through a wide variety of living arrangements. Thus, we argue that the traditional analysis of a differentiation process in capitalist development, the bifurcation of simple and extended reproduction in which the former is squeezed out, is refuted or transcended by people motivated by a core value of holding onto their land and maintaining the family farm. The result is a broad concept of the ‘new peasantry’, one that is rooted in the family farm but nevertheless integrates capitalistic relations, is not bound by agriculture and transcends the rural-urban division of space. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2017.10.009 Permalink : https://cs.iut.univ-tours.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=248205
in Journal of rural studies > vol. 61 (01/07/2018) . - p. 244-254[article] The (re)production of the new peasantry in Turkey [objet à 3 dimensions, artefacts, ...] / M. Öztürk ; J. Jongerden ; A. Hilton . - 2018 . - p. 244-254.
Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of rural studies > vol. 61 (01/07/2018) . - p. 244-254
Catégories : A HISTOIRE - Pays et ensemble de pays:Ensembles économiques:Pays de l'OCDE:Turquie ; C ECONOMIE - ECONOMIE SOCIALE ET SOLIDAIRE:Finances et commerce:Finances:Financement Mots-clés : PEASANTRY PAYSANNERIE FAMILY FARMS EXPLOITATION AGRICOLE FAMILIALE RURAL URBAN MIGRATION EXODE RURAL ADAPTATION TO CHANGE ADAPTATION AU CHANGEMENT FINANCING RURAL URBAN RELATIONS RELATION VILLE CAMPAGNE TURKEY 06 - AGRICULTURE. FORÊTS. PÊCHES 6.1 - Généralités. Situation Agricole Résumé : The recent, neoliberal period has seen a deepening penetration of capital into agriculture in Turkey alongside mass urban migration. This would seem to imply the realisation of classical political economic theory, which argues for the demise of the peasantry. Yet, while the number of people living in villages in Turkey has declined quite dramatically in recent years, the number of smallholdings has not. We address this apparent anomaly in terms of strategies of resistance, emphasising the adaptive and creative agency of the peasantry. For this, we employ a combination of (mostly) state-produced statistics with our own quantitative and qualitative research in villages across Turkey as well as with urban migrants. We observe the development of a dual-circuit articulation that combines the farm and family as systems of commoning together with capital engagement, which means financial inputs, particularly through engagement with the market and labour relations, and which is ultimately enabled through a wide variety of living arrangements. Thus, we argue that the traditional analysis of a differentiation process in capitalist development, the bifurcation of simple and extended reproduction in which the former is squeezed out, is refuted or transcended by people motivated by a core value of holding onto their land and maintaining the family farm. The result is a broad concept of the ‘new peasantry’, one that is rooted in the family farm but nevertheless integrates capitalistic relations, is not bound by agriculture and transcends the rural-urban division of space. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2017.10.009 Permalink : https://cs.iut.univ-tours.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=248205
Titre : Are protected areas good for the human species? Effects of protected areas on rural depopulation in Spain Type de document : objet à 3 dimensions, artefacts, ... Auteurs : D. Rodríguez-Rodríguez ; J.D. Sinoga ; R. Larrubia Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : p. 1-9 Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Anglais (eng) Catégories : A HISTOIRE - Pays et ensemble de pays:Histoire de l'Europe:Europe occidentale:Espagne ; F POPULATIONS - ETUDES DE CAS:D SOCIOLOGIE - ETHNOLOGIE - ANTHROPOLOGIE :4.45 Etablissements humains et utilisation des terres:Zone rurale:Milieu rural ; F POPULATIONS - ETUDES DE CAS:D SOCIOLOGIE - ETHNOLOGIE - ANTHROPOLOGIE :4.45 Etablissements humains et utilisation des terres:Zone rurale:Population rurale Mots-clés : 05 - DEVELOPPEMENT RURAL 5.1 - Développement RURAL ENVIRONMENT PROTECTED AREA ZONE PROTEGEE RURAL URBAN MIGRATION EXODE RURAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT EVALUATION DE L'IMPACT RURAL POPULATION SPAIN Résumé : Protected areas (PAs) seek to conserve valuable genes, species and ecosystems by applying a legal regime that restricts some socioeconomic activities and also offers opportunities for new ones. As a result, PAs have been claimed by some authors to boost socioeconomic conditions in rural areas mainly through tourism activities. However, others have claimed that PAs contribute to rural depopulation through the worsening of living conditions of local residents because of restrictions resulting from protection regulations. Here, we applied a multiple-paired Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) research design on a census on protected rural municipalities (cases; N = 52) versus unprotected rural municipalities (controls; N = 55) in Spain to ascertain whether PAs had positive or negative effects on rural populations using three indicators on depopulation with official municipal data from 1996 until 2019: Compound annual growth rate (CAGR); Proportion of reproductive individuals (REP); and Proportion of reproductive females (WREP). We controlled for some confounders such as biophysical characteristics and regional regulations by carefully selecting our sample of municipalities spatially. Our results show that depopulation figures were worse in cases than in controls, with some exceptions whose characteristics should be further explored. Municipalities in Sites of Community Importance (SCIs) performed best against rural depopulation and generally better than their controls, whereas municipalities in Biosphere Reserves and Special Protection Areas (SPAs) showed mostly worse figures. Our findings suggest that, while necessary and important for biodiversity, multiple-use PAs generally entailed negative consequences for Spanish rural populations that need to be offset by State's intervention. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144399 Permalink : https://cs.iut.univ-tours.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=272730
in Science of the Total Environment > vol. 763 (1 April 2021) . - p. 1-9[article] Are protected areas good for the human species? Effects of protected areas on rural depopulation in Spain [objet à 3 dimensions, artefacts, ...] / D. Rodríguez-Rodríguez ; J.D. Sinoga ; R. Larrubia . - 2021 . - p. 1-9.
Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Anglais (eng)
in Science of the Total Environment > vol. 763 (1 April 2021) . - p. 1-9
Catégories : A HISTOIRE - Pays et ensemble de pays:Histoire de l'Europe:Europe occidentale:Espagne ; F POPULATIONS - ETUDES DE CAS:D SOCIOLOGIE - ETHNOLOGIE - ANTHROPOLOGIE :4.45 Etablissements humains et utilisation des terres:Zone rurale:Milieu rural ; F POPULATIONS - ETUDES DE CAS:D SOCIOLOGIE - ETHNOLOGIE - ANTHROPOLOGIE :4.45 Etablissements humains et utilisation des terres:Zone rurale:Population rurale Mots-clés : 05 - DEVELOPPEMENT RURAL 5.1 - Développement RURAL ENVIRONMENT PROTECTED AREA ZONE PROTEGEE RURAL URBAN MIGRATION EXODE RURAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT EVALUATION DE L'IMPACT RURAL POPULATION SPAIN Résumé : Protected areas (PAs) seek to conserve valuable genes, species and ecosystems by applying a legal regime that restricts some socioeconomic activities and also offers opportunities for new ones. As a result, PAs have been claimed by some authors to boost socioeconomic conditions in rural areas mainly through tourism activities. However, others have claimed that PAs contribute to rural depopulation through the worsening of living conditions of local residents because of restrictions resulting from protection regulations. Here, we applied a multiple-paired Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) research design on a census on protected rural municipalities (cases; N = 52) versus unprotected rural municipalities (controls; N = 55) in Spain to ascertain whether PAs had positive or negative effects on rural populations using three indicators on depopulation with official municipal data from 1996 until 2019: Compound annual growth rate (CAGR); Proportion of reproductive individuals (REP); and Proportion of reproductive females (WREP). We controlled for some confounders such as biophysical characteristics and regional regulations by carefully selecting our sample of municipalities spatially. Our results show that depopulation figures were worse in cases than in controls, with some exceptions whose characteristics should be further explored. Municipalities in Sites of Community Importance (SCIs) performed best against rural depopulation and generally better than their controls, whereas municipalities in Biosphere Reserves and Special Protection Areas (SPAs) showed mostly worse figures. Our findings suggest that, while necessary and important for biodiversity, multiple-use PAs generally entailed negative consequences for Spanish rural populations that need to be offset by State's intervention. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144399 Permalink : https://cs.iut.univ-tours.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=272730
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